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FreeBSD on MacBook (Core Duo and Core 2 Duo models)

Arnaud Boudou — Sat, 01 Mar 2008 18:24:00 +0100

Important (13/05/2008) : As I've just bought a MacBook Pro, this post won't be updated anymore. You're free to reuse this content into a Wiki or any web page, I'll be happy to give its link from here.

Dual boot FreeBSD / MacOS X on MacBook how-to (and the related issues).

Changelog:

01/03/2008: Update for FreeBSD 7.0.
28/05/2007: Update about sound recording, some minor changes.
20/05/2007: Update for X.org 7.2.
02/04/2007: Core 2 Duo model related changes.
30/03/2007: Some fixes, FreeBSD Ethernet device driver, X.org French azerty mapping
29/03/2007: How-to uninstall FreeBSD.
04/02/2007: Details on detected devices.
01/02/2007: Sound driver now works.
07/01/2007: 3D acceleration : kernel patch is not needed anymore.
06/12/2006: Keyboard mapping with X.org.
18/11/2006: Sound driver, Ethernet driver, X.org 3D acceleration, details about keyboard problems with X.org, some page setup changes.
17/11/2006: First details on sound management, first details on Ethernet management, new details on FreeBSD uninstall.

FreeBSD on MacBook is easy, you just have to follow the above steps.

Needed

Let say you will use a Core Duo MacBook with French azerty keyboard (as I do). If you do use this keyboard, you will have to adapt the following setting to your needs. And if you use a Core 2 Duo MacBook, there are some some settings to change.

Download FreeBSD CD ISO image. At least you'll 6.7 version. There are many available images:
- disk 1 for system installation
- disk 2 (optional) for application installation
- disk 3 (optional) for application installation
- “livefs” to run FreeBSD from the CD-ROM (useful for repairs)
- “bootonly” for network installation (only with Ethernet adapter, not WIFI).
Burn on a blank CD-R FreeBSD installation disk.
Install Boot Camp. When it's done, start it up, don't burn driver disk (it's only for Windows, and you want to install FreeBSD). Then create a new partition for FreeBSD. It's size should be about 10 or 15 GB (choose as you want, more or less, you're the boss).

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Hardware configuration

In order to set up your system, it may be useful to know your hardware configuration. This chapter will evolve each time I will find anything useful..

CPU: Intel Core Duo or Core 2 Duo depending on model, with two cores. An SMP kernel with ACPI support is mandatory if you want to use multi-core.
Keyboard: French azerty. You'll need to use Belgian azerty in console mode, with some keyboard shortcuts which are not the same than MacOS X (use <alt> key). With X.org, if you install specific keymap file, you'll get the same keyboard mapping than MacOS X (see the related chapter).
GPU: i945GM (GMA950). Fully supported.
Display: 1280x800. Fully supported with X.org 7.3.
Mouse: Depend if you use an USB mouse or the trackpad. Device to use is “/dev/umsX” (X will depend of device detection order). If no mouse is plugged in, the trackpad will use “/dev/ums0”, don't works well with X.org. My Logitech MX 1000 (uses “/dev/ums0”, then the trackpad uses “/dev/ums1”), works great (see the related chapter).
Audio: Detected as ICH7 High Definition Audio, fully supported, but I didn't test sound recording. (see the related chapter).
Webcam: Detected as generic USB device. It's neither supported by SPCA5xx nor PWCBSD.
Firewire: Detected as a Lucent FW322/323 device. It works.
Bluetooth: The device is not supporter by standard bluetooth driver, “ng_ubt”. FreeBSD just seems to detect “/dev/ukbd1” and “/dev/ums1” devices. Maybe a generic driver for Bluetooth keyboard / mouse controller.
Firewire network adapter: Detected as “/dev/net/fwe0” device. Should work.
Ethernet network adapter: Detected as a 88E8053 Yukon PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet controller, fully supported. (see the related chapter).
WIFI network adapter: On a Core Duo MacBook, it's an Atheros 5424 adapter. Detected as “/dev/net/ath0”, it works (see the related chapter). On a Core 2 Duo MacBook, it's an Atheros AR5008 chipset which lacks a device driver. So you can't use it.
DVD burner: Detected as “/dev/acd0” device. With a kernel modification, it's detected as an SCSI pseudo-device “/dev/cd0”. This SCSI pseudo-device is mandatory in order to use “cdrdao”, “cdrtools” and “dvd+rw-tools” tools (see the related chapter).
SATA controller: Intel ICHM7, detected and works.
USB / USB2 controller: Intel ICH7, detected and works.
Battery: Detected, “battery0” device.

Dmesg is (Core Duo MacBook):

Copyright (c) 1992-2008 The FreeBSD Project.
Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
	The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
FreeBSD is a registered trademark of The FreeBSD Foundation.
FreeBSD 7.0-RELEASE #0: Sun Feb 24 19:59:52 UTC 2008
    root@logan.cse.buffalo.edu:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC
Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 0
CPU: Genuine Intel(R) CPU           T2500  @ 2.00GHz (1997.34-MHz 686-class CPU)
  Origin = "GenuineIntel"  Id = 0x6e8  Stepping = 8
  Features=0xbfe9fbff<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,CLFLUSH,DTS,ACPI,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,SS,HTT,TM,PBE>
  Features2=0xc1a9<SSE3,MON,VMX,EST,TM2,xTPR,PDCM>
  AMD Features=0x100000<NX>
  Cores per package: 2
real memory  = 2114781184 (2016 MB)
avail memory = 2059812864 (1964 MB)
ACPI APIC Table: <APPLE  Apple00>
FreeBSD/SMP: Multiprocessor System Detected: 2 CPUs
 cpu0 (BSP): APIC ID:  0
 cpu1 (AP): APIC ID:  1
ioapic0: Changing APIC ID to 1
ioapic0 <Version 2.0> irqs 0-23 on motherboard
kbd0 at kbdmux0
ath_hal: 0.9.20.3 (AR5210, AR5211, AR5212, RF5111, RF5112, RF2413, RF5413)
hptrr: HPT RocketRAID controller driver v1.1 (Feb 24 2008 19:59:27)
acpi0: <APPLE Apple00> on motherboard
acpi0: [ITHREAD]
acpi_ec0: <Embedded Controller: GPE 0x17, ECDT> port 0x62,0x66 on acpi0
acpi0: Power Button (fixed)
Timecounter "HPET" frequency 14318180 Hz quality 900
Timecounter "ACPI-fast" frequency 3579545 Hz quality 1000
acpi_timer0: <24-bit timer at 3.579545MHz> port 0x408-0x40b on acpi0
cpu0: <ACPI CPU> on acpi0
est0: <Enhanced SpeedStep Frequency Control> on cpu0
p4tcc0: <CPU Frequency Thermal Control> on cpu0
cpu1: <ACPI CPU> on acpi0
est1: <Enhanced SpeedStep Frequency Control> on cpu1
p4tcc1: <CPU Frequency Thermal Control> on cpu1
acpi_acad0: <AC Adapter> on acpi0
acpi_lid0: <Control Method Lid Switch> on acpi0
acpi_button0: <Power Button> on acpi0
acpi_button1: <Sleep Button> on acpi0
pcib0: <ACPI Host-PCI bridge> port 0xcf8-0xcff on acpi0
pci0: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib0
vgapci0: <VGA-compatible display> port 0x20f0-0x20f7 mem 0x90380000-0x903fffff,0x80000000-0x8fffffff,0x90400000-0x9043ffff irq 16 at device 2.0 on pci0
agp0: <Intel 82945GM (945GM GMCH) SVGA controller> on vgapci0
agp0: detected 16124k stolen memory
agp0: aperture size is 256M
vgapci1: <VGA-compatible display> mem 0x90300000-0x9037ffff at device 2.1 on pci0
pci0: <dasp> at device 7.0 (no driver attached)
pci0: <multimedia> at device 27.0 (no driver attached)
pcib1: <ACPI PCI-PCI bridge> irq 17 at device 28.0 on pci0
pci1: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib1
mskc0: <Marvell Yukon 88E8053 Gigabit Ethernet> port 0x1000-0x10ff mem 0x90200000-0x90203fff irq 16 at device 0.0 on pci1
msk0: <Marvell Technology Group Ltd. Yukon EC Id 0xb6 Rev 0x02> on mskc0
msk0: Ethernet address: 00:16:cb:ce:f9:71 
miibus0: <MII bus> on msk0 
e1000phy0: <Marvell 88E1111 Gigabit PHY> PHY 0 on miibus0
e1000phy0:  10baseT, 10baseT-FDX, 100baseTX, 100baseTX-FDX, 1000baseTX-FDX, auto
mskc0: [FILTER]
pcib2: <ACPI PCI-PCI bridge> irq 16 at device 28.1 on pci0
pci2: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib2
ath0: <Atheros 5424/2424> mem 0x90100000-0x9010ffff irq 17 at device 0.0 on pci2
ath0: [ITHREAD]
ath0: using obsoleted if_watchdog interface
ath0: Ethernet address: 00:16:cb:be:f8:40
ath0: mac 10.3 phy 6.1 radio 10.2
uhci0: <UHCI (generic) USB controller> port 0x20a0-0x20bf irq 21 at device 29.0 on pci0
uhci0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
uhci0: [ITHREAD]
usb0: <UHCI (generic) USB controller> on uhci0
usb0: USB revision 1.0
uhub0: <Intel UHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1> on usb0
uhub0: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
uhci1: <UHCI (generic) USB controller> port 0x2080-0x209f irq 19 at device 29.1 on pci0
uhci1: [GIANT-LOCKED]
uhci1: [ITHREAD]
usb1: <UHCI (generic) USB controller> on uhci1
usb1: USB revision 1.0
uhub1: <Intel UHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1> on usb1
uhub1: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
uhci2: <UHCI (generic) USB controller> port 0x2060-0x207f irq 18 at device 29.2 on pci0
uhci2: [GIANT-LOCKED]
uhci2: [ITHREAD]
usb2: <UHCI (generic) USB controller> on uhci2
usb2: USB revision 1.0
uhub2: <Intel UHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1> on usb2
uhub2: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
uhci3: <UHCI (generic) USB controller> port 0x2040-0x205f irq 16 at device 29.3 on pci0
uhci3: [GIANT-LOCKED]
uhci3: [ITHREAD]
usb3: <UHCI (generic) USB controller> on uhci3
usb3: USB revision 1.0
uhub3: <Intel UHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1> on usb3
uhub3: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
ehci0: <Intel 82801GB/R (ICH7) USB 2.0 controller> mem 0x90445400-0x904457ff irq 21 at device 29.7 on pci0
ehci0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
ehci0: [ITHREAD]
usb4: EHCI version 1.0
usb4: companion controllers, 2 ports each: usb0 usb1 usb2 usb3
usb4: <Intel 82801GB/R (ICH7) USB 2.0 controller> on ehci0
usb4: USB revision 2.0
uhub4: <Intel EHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 2.00/1.00, addr 1> on usb4
uhub4: 8 ports with 8 removable, self powered
ugen0: <Micron Built-in iSight, class 255/255, rev 2.00/1.84, addr 2> on uhub4
pcib3: <ACPI PCI-PCI bridge> at device 30.0 on pci0
pci3: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib3
fwohci0: <Lucent FW322/323> mem 0x90000000-0x90000fff irq 19 at device 3.0 on pci3
fwohci0: [FILTER]
fwohci0: OHCI version 1.0 (ROM=0)
fwohci0: No. of Isochronous channels is 8.
fwohci0: EUI64 00:16:cb:ff:fe:e4:24:ce
fwohci0: Phy 1394a available S400, 3 ports.
fwohci0: Link S400, max_rec 2048 bytes.
firewire0: <IEEE1394(FireWire) bus> on fwohci0
dcons_crom0: <dcons configuration ROM> on firewire0
dcons_crom0: bus_addr 0x13c4000
fwe0: <Ethernet over FireWire> on firewire0
if_fwe0: Fake Ethernet address: 02:16:cb:e4:24:ce
fwe0: Ethernet address: 02:16:cb:e4:24:ce
fwip0: <IP over FireWire> on firewire0
fwip0: Firewire address: 00:16:cb:ff:fe:e4:24:ce @ 0xfffe00000000, S400, maxrec 2048
sbp0: <SBP-2/SCSI over FireWire> on firewire0
fwohci0: Initiate bus reset
fwohci0: BUS reset
fwohci0: node_id=0xc000ffc0, gen=2, CYCLEMASTER mode
isab0: <PCI-ISA bridge> at device 31.0 on pci0
isa0: <ISA bus> on isab0
atapci0: <Intel ICH7 UDMA100 controller> port 0x1f0-0x1f7,0x3f6,0x170-0x177,0x376,0x20c0-0x20cf irq 18 at device 31.1 on pci0
ata0: <ATA channel 0> on atapci0
ata0: [ITHREAD]
ata1: <ATA channel 1> on atapci0
ata1: [ITHREAD]
atapci1: <Intel ICH7M SATA300 controller> port 0x20d8-0x20df,0x20fc-0x20ff,0x20d0-0x20d7,0x20f8-0x20fb,0x2020-0x202f mem 0x90445000-0x904453ff irq 19 at device 31.2 on pci0
atapci1: [ITHREAD]
ata2: <ATA channel 0> on atapci1
ata2: [ITHREAD]
ata3: <ATA channel 1> on atapci1
ata3: [ITHREAD]
pci0: <serial bus, SMBus> at device 31.3 (no driver attached)
battery0: <ACPI Control Method Battery> on acpi0
pmtimer0 on isa0
ppc0: parallel port not found.
sc0: <System console> at flags 0x100 on isa0
sc0: VGA <16 virtual consoles, flags=0x300>
sio0: configured irq 4 not in bitmap of probed irqs 0
sio0: port may not be enabled
sio0: configured irq 4 not in bitmap of probed irqs 0
sio0: port may not be enabled
sio0 at port 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 flags 0x10 on isa0
sio0: type 8250 or not responding
sio0: [FILTER]
sio1: configured irq 3 not in bitmap of probed irqs 0
sio1: port may not be enabled
vga0: <Generic ISA VGA> at port 0x3c0-0x3df iomem 0xa0000-0xbffff on isa0
ukbd0: <Apple Computer Apple Internal Keyboard / Trackpad, class 0/0, rev 2.00/0.64, addr 2> on uhub0
kbd1 at ukbd0
ums0: <Apple Computer Apple Internal Keyboard / Trackpad, class 0/0, rev 2.00/0.64, addr 2> on uhub0
ums0: 3 buttons.
uhid0: <Apple Computer Apple Internal Keyboard / Trackpad, class 0/0, rev 2.00/0.64, addr 2> on uhub0
uhid1: <Apple Computer, Inc. IR Receiver, class 0/0, rev 2.00/1.10, addr 2> on uhub2
ukbd1: <vendor 0x05ac product 0x1000, class 0/0, rev 2.00/19.65, addr 2> on uhub3
kbd2 at ukbd1
ums1: <vendor 0x05ac product 0x1000, class 0/0, rev 2.00/19.65, addr 2> on uhub3
ums1: 5 buttons.
Timecounters tick every 1.000 msec
hptrr: no controller detected.firewire0: 1 nodes, maxhop <= 0, cable IRM = 0 (me)
firewire0: bus manager 0 (me)

acd0: DVDR <MATSHITADVD-R UJ-857/HBEA> at ata0-master UDMA66
ad5: 57231MB <TOSHIBA MK6034GSX AH105B> at ata2-slave SATA150
GEOM_LABEL: Label for provider ad5p1 is msdosfs/EFI.
WARNING: Expected rawoffset 0, found 84295720
SMP: AP CPU #1 Launched!
Trying to mount root from ufs:/dev/ad5s3a
GEOM_LABEL: Label msdosfs/EFI removed.

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System installation

When the destination partition created by Boot Camp Assistant, reboot your MacBook, and let <alt> key pressed to get the boot menu. Select CD-ROM (with “Windows” label) to start FreeBSD installation. While installing FreeBSD, you may refer to online handbook, very well documented. In any case, you may follow theses instructions:

At boot menu, choose default startup, validating your choice with <Enter>.
At country selection, choose “France”. This choice will impact default character set for all users on installed system.
At keyboard layout selection, choose “Belgian”. It the closer keyboard layout from French mac azerty layout.
At next menu, choose “Custom Install”.
Choose “Partition” in order to create a slice for FreeBSD.
While creating slice for FreeBSD, you must convert (<T> key) the slice with “FAT” created by Boot Camp to FreeBSD format (number 165), then set it bootable (<S> key). Leave this screen (<Q> key). Then choose a “Standard” boot manager (second choice into the list).
Choose “Label” in order to create mount points. Auto mode (<A> key) should be good. Leave this screen (<Q> key).
Choose “Distributions”, then “Kern-Developer” (system sources will be useful). When the installer asks if you want to install ports tree, answer “Yes”, then “Exit”.
Choose “Media”, then “CD/DVD”.
Finally, choose “Commit” to start FreeBSD installation.

When the files are copied on the hard drive, you will be asked if you want to perform post-installation tasks. You should accept. I follow these steps:

“Root password”: set root password.
“User management”, then “User”: create a user without administration rights. For all users you create, replace shell “/bin/sh” by “/bin/csh”. When all users are created, choose “Exit” to come back to previous menu.
“Time zone”: choose the time zone. You will be asked if the CMOS clock is set to UTC time: choose “Yes”, then your time zone.
“Console” then
- “Font”: choose “ISO 8859-15”
- “Repeat”: choose “Fast” (it's repetition speed when you leave a key pressed).
- “Exit” to go out “Console” menu.
“Networking” then
- You may choose network services you want into this menu.
- “Interface”: network interface setting. As only WIFI adapter is detected (“ath0”), and you can't choose network to connect and wireless security mode while installing FreeBSD, this step may be forgotten. But if you want to connect to network through Firewire adapter (“fwe0”), you may set up TCP/IP settings here.
- “sshd”: if you want to run SSH daemon at machine startup.
- “Exit” to come back to previous menu.
“Startup” then
- You may choose various startup settings here.
- “Quotas”: I disable user quotas setup. You may leave it if you want.
- “Exit” to go out “Startup” menu.
“Exit” to go out post-installation tasks menu.
“Exit” to come back to initial menu.
“Exit Install” to reboot computer.

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FreeBSD use, and detailed setup

In order to boot FreeBSD, you have to select startup disk while booting computer. For this, leave <Alt> key pressed. Startup disk has “Windows” label, even is an other exploitation system than Microsoft's one is installed.

When the system is up, serious things begin. Now, log in with “root” user.

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Keyboard

Belgian layout is the closer layout to mac French azerty layout, but without being identical. Some character are not at the same place, or need keyboard shortcuts.

< : <@>
> : <#>
| : <alt>+<1>
@ : <alt>+<2>
# : <alt>+<3>
{ : <alt>+<9>
} : <alt>+<0>
[ : <alt>+<^>
] : <alt>+<shift>+<$>
` : <alt>+<`>
~ : <alt>+<=>

With X.org, all MacOS X shortcuts are available if you install some patches described into X.org section.

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Network setup

Firewire network connection

I could not test, then I don't know if it works. As the adapter is detected, it should works flawlessly. If someone could try, he may leave me comment.

Ethernet network connection (FreeBSD device driver)

You may set up the driver to use DHCP or fixed IP address.

For DHCP, edit file “/etc/rc.conf” and add the following line:

ifconfig_msk0="DHCP"

For fixed IP address, edit file “/etc/rc.conf” and add the following lines:

defaultrouter="<gateway_ip>"
ifconfig_rl0="inet 1<ip_address> netmask <subnet_mask>"

Then, reboot your computer to apply changes.

WIFI network connection (Core Duo models only)

For network settings, let say you will connect to WIFI network, using WPA/WPA2 security settings and DHCP. For other settings, see online handbook.

Then, you must set up FreeBSD to connect to the correct WIFI network, using the correct password. There are two steps. First, modify “/etc/rc.conf” file and add the following line:

ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP"

This line is used to use WPA mode, with DHCP IP attribution, on “ath0” adapter.

WPA settings are into “/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf” (create it). You have to add the following lines:

network={
    ssid="your_ssid"
    key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
    psk="your_key"
}

“your_ssid” is the WIFI network name to connect.
“your_cle” is the connection key of this network.

You may now reboot MacBook which will connect to your WIFI network.

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System update and build

In order to track system updates (better from a security and feature focus), you follow the -STABLE branch of FreeBSD 7.x. This how-to itself consider it's the case. If you don't, some features may be unavailable. For this, you'll have to follow these steps.

First, create a “/opt/” and a “/opt/data/” folder. Into the “/opt/data/”, copy file “/usr/share/examples/cvsup/standard-supfile”. Then apply the following changes to it: replace line “*default host=CHANGE_THIS.FreeBSD.org” by “*default host=cvsup2.fr.FreeBSD.org” (replace “cvsup2.fr.FreeBSD.org” by the nearest mirror), and replace line “*default release=cvs tag=RELENG_7_0” par “*default release=cvs tag=RELENG_7” (it is possible that the first to be slightly different, but the result must be the one given).

Then get the file named “FreeBSD sources update script”, copy it to “/opt/update_src.sh” and give it execution rights.

Then execute this script. It will update system sources.

When the source files are updated, go into folder “/usr/src/sys/i386/conf” and copy the file “GENERIC” to another name, i.e. “MYCOMPUTER” (don't forget this name, it will be used later). Modify this file and replace the line

ident           GENERIC

ident           MYCOMPUTER

then add the following lines (at the end of file)

options         CPU_SUSP_HLT                # Enable HLT instruction when the CPU is idle. The laptop will be cooler and use less energy.
options         CPU_UPGRADE_HW_CACHE        # Disable useless cache flush. Performances may be enhanced.
options         DEVICE_POLLING              # Enable compatible network adapter polling. Performances may be enhanced.
options         ZERO_COPY_SOCKETS           # Enable network transfers without useless copies. Performances may be enhanced.
device          drm                         # Enable graphic acceleration (base support).
device          i915drm                     # Enable graphic acceleration (i945GM support).
device          atapicam                    # Enable ATA drives access through an SCSI sub-system.
device          sound                       # Enable sound support (base support).
device          snd_hda                     # Enable Intel ICH7 High Definition Audio support

You must perform the copy and modify step each time you update system sources.

Then modify the file “/etc/make.conf”, and give it the following content

CPUTYPE?=prescott
CFLAGS= -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe
COPTFLAGS= -O -pipe
NO_PROFILE=true
KERNCONF=MYCOMPUTER

“Prescott” CPUTYPE enable SSE3 support while compiling (“pentium-m” CPUTYPE doesn't have SSE3 support even if closer to Core Duo architecture than “prescott”). If you own a Core 2 Duo MacBook, you should use “nocona” (in order to enable 64 bit support).

Now, create or modify the file “/etc/rc.local” and add the following line:

/sbin/ifconfig ath0 polling

This line enable the polling mode on WIFI adapter. For now, it's not supported but it may be later. So you may add this line now.

If you use FreeBSD Ethernet adapter driver, you may add the following line:

/sbin/ifconfig msk0 polling

If you use the Firewire network, you may add the following line:

/sbin/ifconfig fwe0 polling

Then get to the file named “FreeBSD update script (01)”, copy it to “/opt/build_freebsd_01.sh]” and give it execution rights.

This script will:

Clean “/usr/obj”, which contains all temporary files from previous system compilation.
Modify if necessary configuration files with mergemaster tool.
Build the system
Build the kernel and all modules
Install the kernel and modules

System, kernel and modules build and installation take about 30 minutes on 2 GHz Core Duo MacBook.

Then get to the file named “FreeBSD update script (02)”, copy it to “/opt/build_freebsd_02.sh]” and give it execution rights.

This script will:

Mount filesystems and activate swap
Install the new system
Modify if necessary configuration files with mergemaster tool.
Reboot the computer

In order to build the system, you need to follow these steps:

Update sources with “/opt/update_src.sh”
Execute the installation first part with “/opt/build_freebsd_01.sh”
Reboot computer in single user mode (option #4 at startup menu)
Execute the installation first part with “/opt/build_freebsd_02.sh”

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Power management

When we use a laptop, we try to get the longest autonomy, and try to keep it cool (in order to keep fans stopped, which use power to run). A first step in this direction is to enable “CPU_SUSP_HLT” option into the kernel. This instruction put the CPU into idle state, where it uses less energy.

Another possible option is to activate “powerd”. This daemon uses ACPI in order to adapt CPU frequency to the needs. On a MacBook 2 GHz, frequency automatically goes from 125 MHz to 2 GHz (of course with many steps between). In order to enable ”powerd”, you must add the following lines into “/etc/rc.conf” file:

powerd_enable="YES"
powerd_flags="-a adaptive -b adaptive"

The reboot the computer or execute “/etc/rc.d/powerd start” in order to apply changes.

You can get the CPU frequency (MHz) with the following command line:

sysctl dev.cpu.0.freq

Other economy saving modes may be possible, i.e. deep sleep when we close the need, but I don't know how to enable it. When I'll have of the needed information, I'll update this chapter

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Ports management

If you want to install software on FreeBSD, you should use port tree. A “port” is a set of information saying where to download software sources, how to build and install it, then manage all dependencies. In order to easily manage these ports, it's useful to install “portupgrade”. For this, follow these instructions:

Into the “/opt/data/”, copy file “/usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports-supfile”. Then apply the following changes to it: replace line “*default host=CHANGE_THIS.FreeBSD.org” by “*default host=cvsup2.fr.FreeBSD.org” (replace “cvsup2.fr.FreeBSD.org” by the nearest mirror),

Then get the file named “FreeBSD Ports update script”, copy it to “/opt/update_ports.sh” and give it execution rights.

Execute this script. It will update ports tree. The two last commands will fail, but it's not important at the moment (“portsdb” and “portversion” are parts of “portupgrade” which is not installed).

Then go into “/usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portupgrade/”, then execute “make install clean”. The system will install portupgrade and all its dependencies. Execute “rehash” in order to refresh available commands list, nd you're ready to use portupgrade. It has many parts:

“portinstall” installs an port and its dependencies. I.e., “portinstall vim” will install “vim”.
“portsdb” manage ports database (the one used by portupgrade). “portsdb -F” (used into the above script) update available ports list.
“portversion” checks ports versions. “portversion -vl '<'” (used into the above script) list all installed ports and with an available update.
“pkg_info“ give information on ports. Without parameter, it list all installed ports. “pkg_info -L a_port” lists all files installed with a port.
“portupgrade” upgrade an installed port. “-a” parameter upgrade all ports with an available update.
“pkg_deinstall“ uninstall a port.

Of course, man pages will give you all available options.

The above script updates ports tree, available ports database, and display all ports with an available update.

If you want to use configure and build option for ports, you have to available methods:

“/etc/make.conf“: these build options will be available for all ports.
“/usr/local/etc/pkgtools.conf”: these build options may be specified for a given port. This method is only available with portupgrade (and the associated tools).

Back to table of contents

CD / DVD burn, and how-to eject them

CD-R burn

You have two ways to burn CD-R.

“burncd”. This tool is a part of base system, and allow you to use ATAPI burners. Each of my attempts was apparently successful, but I was unable to mount the freshly burnt CD-R.
“cdrecord”. This tool must be installed via ports tree. As it needs an SCSI burner, you'll have to use “/dev/cd0” device instead of “/dev/acd0”. With this tool, I could successfully burn and mount my CD-R.

If you want more information about CD-R burn, you can find it into the online handbook.

DVD burn

You don't have any choice, you'll have to use “dvd+rw-tools” (install it via port tree) and “/dev/cd0” device. DVD burn and mount where all successful.

If you want more information about DVD burn, you can find it into the online handbook.

This have nothing to do with media burning, but if you want to eject your CD or DVD don't forget to install the port “eject”.

Back to table of contents

Audio

MacBook's audio device is an ICH7 using HDA norm, and not AC97.

While booting the system, you may see the following lines into “dmesg”:

pcm0: <Intel 82801G High Definition Audio Controller> mem 0x90440000-0x90443fff irq 22 at device 27.0 on pci0
pcm0: [ITHREAD]
pcm0: <HDA Codec: Sigmatel STAC9221>
pcm0: <HDA Driver Revision: 20071129_0050>

If you execute “cat /dev/sndstat”, you may get the following line:

FreeBSD Audio Driver (newpcm: 32bit 2007061600/i386)
Installed devices:
pcm0: <Intel 82801G High Definition Audio Controller> at memory 0x90440000 irq 22 kld snd_hda 20071129_0050 MPSAFE (1p:1v/1r:1v channels duplex default)

Sound is now available, you may check it with your favorite media player. The only thing I could not test is sound recording. And as I don't have an optical audio cable, I could not test related input and output.

Back to table of contents

X.org setup

Before X.org installation, you must disable “moused”. Modify the file “/etc/rc.conf” and add the following lines:

moused_enable="NO"
moused_nondefault_enable="NO"
moused_ums0_enable="NO"
moused_ums1_enable="NO"
moused_ums2_enable="NO"

then kill all “moused” running process:

killall moused

Install X.org with:

portinstall xorg

You'll have to wait for about one hour. When X.org is installed, you'll have to set it up. Execute “xorgconfig” and answer to many questions.

Mouse setup

You will have to use “Auto” mouse protocol. As the trackpad doesn't work well (instable mouse pointer, absolute positionning between display and trackpad surface), you have to use an USB mouse.
When you're asked if you want to emulate 3 buttons, answer “n”.
When you're asked which device to use, you may have to answer “/dev/ums0”. Adapt to your real needs.

Keyboard setup

Use “MacBook/MacBook Pro (Intl)” (121) layout.
Country is “France” (29).
No layout variant, just validate with “Enter”.
XKB option, answer “n”.

Screen display

Answer “10” to question about horizontal refresh.
Answer “4” to question about vertical refresh.
Identifier should be “MacBook LCD”.

Graphic card setup

When you're asked if you want to parse graphic cards list, answer “y”.
The graphic controller to use is “i810” (16).
Installed memory is “65536K” (9).
Identifier should be “GMA950”.
Leave modes as is (answer “4”).
Default mode will be 24 bits (answer “5”).

When you're asked if you want to write “/etc/X11/xorg.conf” file, answer “y”.

Post-configuration: keyboard setup

Identical keyboard mapping to MacOS X

Finally, download the file “http://bersace03.free.fr/pub/Linux/xkb-mac/fr.ancien”, and copy it into folder “/usr/local/share/X11/xkb/symbols/macintosh_vndr/” with name “fr” (remove “.ancien” extension).

Now you have a working French azerty keyboard with X.org. But if you reinstall X.org, you may have to repeat the above step.

Nearly identical keyboard mapping to MacOS X

Another possibility is to have a nearly identical keyboard mapping to MacOS X: <alt> becomes “Windows” <alt>, <ctrl> key becomes “Windows” <ctrl>, left <cmd> key becomes “Windows” <menu>, and small <enter> key (next the right <cmd> key) becomes “MacOS X” <alt> key (for special characters keyboard shortcuts).

This mapping is the X.org default one.

Post-configuration: graphic card

We'll add graphic acceleration. It need two things: a kernel driver (which supports i945GM device), and an X.org driver (which supports i945GM device too).

You have to modify the file “/etc/X11/xorg.conf”.
Uncomment the following lines:

Load       "glx"
Load       "dri"

Section "DRI"
    Mode 0666
EndSection

Modify “Screen” section with “GMA950” identifier. Add the following lines:

Option	"DRI"	"True"
Option	"NoAccel"	"False"

After patch installation, I got these results:

Into X.org log file :

(II) [drm] DRM interface version 1.2
(II) [drm] DRM open master succeeded.
(II) intel(0): [drm] Using the DRM lock SAREA also for drawables.
(II) intel(0): [drm] framebuffer handle = 0x80040000
(II) intel(0): [drm] added 1 reserved context for kernel
(II) intel(0): [drm] installed DRM signal handler
(II) intel(0): [drm] Registers = 0x90380000
(II) intel(0): [drm] ring buffer = 0x80000000
(II) intel(0): [drm] init sarea width,height = 1280 x 1280 (pitch 2048)
(II) intel(0): [drm] Mapping front buffer
(II) intel(0): [drm] Front Buffer = 0x80040000
(II) intel(0): [drm] Back Buffer = 0x84000000
(II) intel(0): [drm] Depth Buffer = 0x85000000
(II) intel(0): [drm] textures = 0x88000000
(II) intel(0): [drm] Initialized kernel agp heap manager, 33554432
(II) intel(0): [drm] dma control initialized, using IRQ 16
(II) intel(0): [drm] removed 1 reserved context for kernel
(II) intel(0): [drm] unmapping 8192 bytes of SAREA 0xc7d50000 at 0x287ee000
(II) intel(0): [drm] Closed DRM master.

Issues

X.org does not support the trackpad. “synaptics” device driver only works with PS/2 trackpad (“psm” device driver), then MacBook trackpad is unusable (it's a USB one, then use “ums” device driver).

Back to table of contents

Désinstaller FreeBSD

Issues coming from FreeBSD installation

FreeBSD install modifies partition table format. It's still GPT, but MacOS X recognize it as an MBR partition table, which give the following issues:

When FreeBSD is installed and you don't want to use it anymore, you won't be able to undo Boot Camp changes.
You won't be able to install EFI firmware upgrades. the only ways are : boot from an external harddrive using GPT and where MacOS X is installed, then upgrade your firmware or uninstall FreeBSD.

If you boot a FreeBSD install disk, start “Live Filesystem”, and execute “gpt show /dev/ad5”, you will see the disk uses GPT format. And if you try a “gpt migrate /dev/ad5” it will fail because the disk uses GPT format.

I tried to repair GPT with rEFIt “gptsynch” tools, but data seems to be too inconsistent to be repaired. FreeBSD/i386 sysinstall have to support GPT disks, but for now only FreeBSD/ia64 sysinstall does (Intel Itanium CPU version).

It's possible to uninstall FreeBSD without need to partition again your harddrive and install again MacOS X, but it's not easy.

First step : FreeBSD partition removal

In order to cleanly remove FreeBSD partition, you need an Ubuntu Live CD, at least version 7.04. Boot from Ubuntu CD, then when desktop is available, open a “Terminal” session, and execute the following command:

sudo parted

When GNU parted is started, follow these steps:

execute « print », and look for FreeBSD partition number (it should be “3”).
execute « rm <partition_number> », where <partition_number> is the above number.
execute « quit ».

Finally, reboot to MacOS X.

Second step : MacOS X partition restore

Now, you just have to restore MacOS X partition to its original state. Start Boot Camp assistant, skip the "Burn a Macintosh Drivers CD" step and split your disk into two volumes as instructed by Boot Camp Assistant. The actual sizes of the volumes don't matter. When the disk is splitted, reboot your laptop.

Start Boot Camp, and choose the "Restore to a single Mac OS partition" option. Reboot, et voilà, FreeBSD is now cleanly uninstalled.

If you use MacOS X 10.5.x, you may simply extend your system partition with disk utility instead of using Boot Camp.

Back to table of contents

Miscellaneous issues

Sometimes after FreeBSD installation, the computer may not be able to find MacOS X partition. In this case, restart the computer leaving <Alt> key pressed and choose MacOS X partition. Then, execute “System Preferences”, chose “Startup disk”, then MacOS X partition. All will the OK for the next reboots.
Sometimes you can't reboot or switch off the laptop; the screen goes blank, the the laptop still runs (you can feel harddrive's vibrations if you put on hand to the left of the trackpad). The only way to switch off the laptop is to leave the power button pressed until you can't feel harddrive's vibrations anymore.

Back to table of contents

More info

Some points are not covered by this how-to, but they are on a dedicated wiki : http://wiki.freebsd.org/AppleMacbook. You will find how to use Bluetooth, IR receiver, etc.

Back to table of contents

ICC profiles and applications

Arnaud Boudou — Sun, 19 Aug 2007 18:20:00 +0200

Version française

As I said in a previous Capture NX test, JPEG files may have integrated ICC profile, but applications which display these files may not know how to use these profiles, which give an hazardous color rendering, when it's not fully false.

19/08/2007: Firefox 3.0 alpha 7 supports ICC profiles

You may test ICC profile support with the site “Is Your System ICC Version 4 Ready?”. As you can see it, it display a photo (divided into four sub-pictures, each with a different ICC profile), and this photo must have good colors if the tested software support ICC profiles. You can see under the main photo the different results you can get (from left to right) :

software supports version 2 and 4 ICC profiles
software supports only version 2 ICC profiles
software does not support ICC profiles

If you want to test a web browser, it's easy: just load and display the webpage. If you want to test an image viewer, you have to download each sub-picture then display them with the viewer to test.

The results I get are:

MacOS X 10.4.9
- Web browser
  - Firefox 2.0.0.6: no ICC profile support
  - Firefox 3.0a7: version 2 and 4 ICC profiles support (open about:config URL, and set “gfx.color_management.enabled” to true)
  - Opera 9.20: no ICC profile support
  - Safari 2.0.4: version 2 and 4 ICC profiles support
- Image viewer
  - Preview 3.0.9: version 2 and 4 ICC profiles support
  - CocoViewX 0.9.6: version 2 and 4 ICC profiles support
  - The Gimp 2.2.11: no ICC profile support
  - Xee 2.0 : no ICC profile support
Windows XP SP2
- Web browser
  - Internet Explorer 7.0: no ICC profile support
  - Firefox 2.0.0.6: no ICC profile support
  - Firefox 3.0a7: version 2 and 4 ICC profiles support (open about:config URL, and set “gfx.color_management.enabled” to true)
  - Opera 9.20: no ICC profile support
  - Safari 2.0.4: version 2 and 4 ICC profiles support
- Image viewer
  - System viewer: version 2 only ICC profile support
  - XnView 1.90.3: no ICC profile support
Ubuntu 7.04 (Live CD)
- Web browser
  - Firefox 2.0.0.3: no ICC profile support
- Image viewer
  - Eye of the Gnome 2.18.1: no ICC profile support
  - gThumb 2.10.2: no ICC profile support
  - The Gimp 2.2.13: no ICC profile support

Of course, ICC profile support is just the first step to get correct color rendering. Second one is to have a well calibrated. With MacOS X, you may either use “Displays” system preferences or use an hardware calibrating tool to get more precise calibrating. With Windows, you'll have to use an hardware calibrating tool. With Linux and other free Unix, I don't have any idea.

Know everything about your Apple computer display

Arnaud Boudou — Sat, 19 May 2007 11:00:00 +0200

Version française

If you own an Apple computer, and want to know all features of its LCD display, you just have to follow these steps.

First of all, download “SwitchResX Control Panel” then start it. When it's done, click on “Export DCC” button. You will get a text file you'll have to open.

LCD panel reference is at the end of file, presented as

	Descriptor #2 is ASCII data:
			B133EW01 V0

Then you have to start you preferred search engine to search for the panel reference (first part, without version number, in this case “B133EW01”). With my MacBook, I can see it's a TN LCD panel, the brand is AUO, response time is 25 ms, contrast ratio is 400:1, number of colors is 262 000, etc.

About color numbers, a class action was started into United-States against Apple which pretends on its website that LCD panels can display millions of colors but it's not the truth.

Change spell chek dictionary into MacOS X applications

Arnaud Boudou — Sat, 05 May 2007 10:39:00 +0200

Version française

I you have to use many languages for your writings, you may not know how to switch from a language to another for built-in spell checker without changing system language.

Switching dictionaries is easy when you know how to do it. The only requirement is to use applications which use system spell checker (Apple applications and many third party Cocoa applications).

Open an application that uses a built-in dictionary. Mail is an example.
Choose “Spelling” from the “Edit” menu, and “Spelling…” from the submenu.
In the “Spelling” dialog box, select the desired dictionary language from the pop-up menu.
Close the window.

But remember: all language may not have an available dictionary, there are no English variants (only US English is available), and French dictionary is not the one with 1990 changes.

Source: Mac OS X 10.2: How to Change the Spell Check Language Dictionary

Firefox 2.0 and undo closed tabs

Arnaud Boudou — Wed, 02 May 2007 12:45:00 +0200

Version française

If you want to undo an accidental tab closing, you have many ways to do:

right click on the tab bar, select “Undo close tab” and repeat it as many time needed.
open “History” menu then “Recently closed tabs” then the tab you want to reopen.

I've accidentally found a third way: it's the keyboard shortcut <cmd>+<shift>+<T> on Apple computers and <ctrl>+<shift>+<T> on other systems.

Thunderbird 2 and quotas

Arnaud Boudou — Sat, 21 Apr 2007 07:57:00 +0200

Version française

Until now, if you access to your mailbox through an IMAP account with Thunderbird, and quotas were applied, the only way to quickly access them was to install “Display Quota” extension. With Thunderbird 2, this extension became obsolete.

There now are three key to change to display quotas with Thunderbird 2:

“mail.quota.mainwindow_threshold.show”: in percent, when the quota meter starts showing up at all (you should set this key to 0 if you want to always display it).
“mail.quota.mainwindow_threshold.warning”: in percent, when it gets yellow.
“mail.quota.mainwindow_threshold.critical”: in percent, when it gets red.

But for the two last keys, I can't see any effect (MacOS X version).

To change these keys, open Thunderbird options, go to “Advanced” section, then “General” tab, then click onto “Config Editor…” button. In the next window, enter key name into search field, then double click on it to change its value.

Sony Ericsson DCU-11, MacOS X 10.4 and PhoneAgent

Arnaud Boudou — Thu, 15 Jun 2006 22:09:00 +0200

Version française

Sony Ericsson mobile phone, as F500i/k500i, T610, etc. may be connected to a computer with a serial (phone side) to USB (computer side) converter, like DCU-11 cable. The purpose is to transfer files (mp3, pictures, etc.) between phone or computer, or use the phone as a GSM ou GPRS modem. The only "little" problem is that Sony Ericsson only propose Windows tools and drivers.

The main thing to know is the converter uses a Prolific PL2303 chipset. Here comes the how-to about using DCU-11 cable with MacOS X 10.4.x (it should work with MacOS X 10.3.x).

Needed

A serial to USB DCU-11 cable, and a compatible mobile phone.
A MacOS X PL2303 driver. A free one is available on this page.
PhoneAgent if you want to transfer files between your computer and your phone.

Setup steps.

Download PL2303 driver, install it then reboot your computer.
Plug your DCU-11 cable to the computer and the phone.
Startup "System Information" (apple menu, "About this Mac", "More infos…"
In order to check the driver, install then launch "PhoneAgent". Open its preferences menu, and in "Connection" section, you must have (and select) "PL2303-xxxx" in 'Serial Port" drop down list. You may check "Connect at startup" if you want.
in order to use PhoneAgent, you must connect your phone: plug the DCU-11 cable if it's not already done, then click on the grayed Bluetooth icon on the left of the toolbar. If all is OK, the icon must turn to blue.

Sometimes, the driver is not immediately loaded and you'll have to wait for one ou two minutes after you plug the cable to your computer. If it's still not loaded, you may do that manually:

Start up "Terminal" application.
When the prompt is available, load PL2303 driver with the following command line:

sudo kextload /System/Library/Extensions/osx-pl2303.kext/

You may be asked for your administrator password.

OpenTom: listen to mp3 with your TomTom PND

Arnaud Boudou — Wed, 15 Mar 2006 22:14:00 +0100

Version française

Until now, TomTom PND where only used to go from somewhere to elsewhere. Now, they are able to play your mp3 files.

Needed

OpenTom software (current version: 0.0.3).
TomTom GO/300/500/700/ONE (only TomTom ONE version 1, the black one) PND. Technically, TomTom Rider is compatible but lacks a speaker.
An empty SD card (do you want to lose your maps ?).

Installation

First, download precompiled binaries (bottom of the page).
Unpack archive, and move the content to an empty SD card. The content to be moved is ttsystem file and opentom folder.
Into opemtom/media folder, put MP3 files you want to listen to.
Put the card into your PND, and switch it on. After a garbled statup welcome screen, you will be given access to the MP3 player interface. There are three tabs :

Clock : date and hour. It seems OpenTom does not use PND date and hour settings, so you'll have to setit up each time you use it. Use the Set button, Luke.
Music : all your MP3 on the SD card. From this tab, you will add file into the playlist (Add button), or change sound volume (Vol- and Vol+ buttons).
Player : The playlist itself. You may change files order. From this tab, you may start mp3 playing. Volume setting buttons are here again.
GPS : This tab shows data from GPS device. Unlike genuine TomTom software, elevation is displayed. I.e, I know I am 159m above sea level (you don't care, really !?).

You can see screenshots on OpenTom site.

Cons

The most important : OpenTom and genuine TomTom software are exclusives. You may use one of the other, but not at the same time. OpenTom only reads MP3 file, and have navigation features. If you want to use your PND navigation features, you may use it as a portable MP3 player (i.e. while driving). While walking, even if your PND has a jack connector, you can't set luminosity, then quickly empty the battery.

Pros

Size: OpemTom is only 5 MB on the card.
Elevation display is a good feature I would like to see on genuine TomTom software.

Whislist

TomTom PNDs run Linux, then it's easy to create a replacement software, as OpenTom. Then I would like to see the following features:

Power management, with ability to switch screen of while playing music, or change processor speed on the fly.
Navigation features. I don't know if such free software exists, but a navigation feature which may use TomTom maps, or bitmap maps will be very good.

OpenVPN IPv6 routing between a Windows 2000 workstation and an OpenBSD server

Arnaud Boudou — Tue, 15 Mar 2005 08:00:00 +0100

Version française

The goal of this how-to is to allow a Windows 2000 workstation with no tunnel broker access (as in many enterprise network) to access to an IPv6 network with an OpenVPN tunnel.

Network overview (server-side)

The OpenBSD computer is an IPv6 router (using rtadvd), and with a 2001:aaaa:bbbb::/48 prefix. Prefix 2001:aaaa:bbbb:1::/56 is reserved for LAN computers, tunnel-side will use the 2001:aaaa:bbbb:2::/56 prefix
The tunnel IPv4 link will be between local IP 192.168.1.2 (Windows 2000 workstation) and 192.168.1.1 (OpenBSD server).

OpenVPN setup (OpenBSD-side)

On OpenBSD server, we will install OpenVPN (i.e. 1.6 version using ports). Usefull OpenVPN settings we need are: (other settings - compression, cryptography, etc. - are at your discretion). OpenVPN will be setup with bridge mode, and not routed mode (explanation is into Windows 2000 setup section).

Into OpenVPN configuration file, (i.e. openvpn.conf), you must have the following settings (adapt them to your network settings)

dev tun0
dev-type tap
tun-ipv6
port 5000

Don't add an "ifconfig" line as it's not available for OpenVPN under OpenBSD in bridge mode.
Don't add a "remote" line, as the client is behind a gateway or a router.

The, you must create the bridge (associated to a physical network adapter, here the device "rl0")., startup OpenVPN, and give it an IP address. You may use the following command lines, and add then into /etc/rc.local file:

/sbin/ifconfig tun0 link0 up
/sbin/ifconfig bridge0 create
/sbin/brconfig bridge0 add rl0 add tun0 up
/usr/local/sbin/openvpn --config /etc/openvpn.confdaemon
/sbin/ifconfig tun1 192.168.1.1
/sbin/ifconfig tun1 inet6 2001:aaaa:bbbb:2::1

OpenVPN is now running, and waits for a connection.

OpenVPN setup (Windows-side)

Install OpenVPN, which install a service, and a TAP32 virtual network adapter. We must use bridge mode because IPv6 is not available for routed mode under Windows 2000.
Into OpenVPN configuration file, (i.e. openvpn.conf), you must have the following settings (adapt them to your network settings)

dev tap
tun-ipv6
port 5000
remote 1.2.3.4
ifconfig 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

The "remote" line must have OpenVPN server public IP address.

Then start up OpenVPN service, and it may connect to the tunnel other side. If you want to check it, the following command lines may help you:

ping 192.168.1.2

from OpenBSD server. If the ping is OK, so is the connection.

ping 192.168.1.1

from Windows 2000 workstation. If the ping is OK, so is the connection.

IPv6 setup (Windows-side)

First, you have to install Microsoft's IPv6 stack. You may refer to this address in order to know installation steps. When the IPv6 stack is installed, you have to set it up.

Open a command line session, then execute the following command lines:

ipv6 adu index/2001:aaaa:bbbb:2::2

"index" must be OpenVPN virtual adapter index. I.e., if TAP-32 is called "Local Connection 3", the index is 3.

This line give 2001:aaaa:bbbb:2::2 IP address to your OpenVPN interface.

Then you have to set up IPv6 routing:

ipv6 rtu ::/0 index/2001:aaaa:bbbb:2::1
ipv6 rtu 2001:aaaa:bbbb::/56 index

The first line add a route for all IPv6 destinations through IPv6 tunnel. The second one does the same for your LAN IPv6 addresses. Don't forget to replace index with your network adapter number.

Misc

I could not get rtadvd work through the tunnel. I get no error message, but no IPv6 address is given to Windows 2000 workstation. Either I made a mistake, or it's a Windows 2000 IPv6 stack limitation.
This HOW-TO contains no information about IPv4 routing. You can find as many how-to about it on the Web.
Windows 2000 IPv6 stack does not work with Internet Explorer 6.0 because wininet.dll file is too old. You may either use Firefox or Mozilla, since 2005/10/03 nightly builds.

Disable temporary IPv6 addresses under Windows XP

Arnaud Boudou — Fri, 11 Mar 2005 08:44:00 +0100

Version française

By default, Windows XP uses temporary IPv6 addresses (changed each time you reboot your computer). This behavior may be may inappropriate, mainly when you use connection tracking.

In order to disable temporary addresses, then only use addresses given IPv6 routing daemon, you have to execute the following command line:

ipv6 -p gpu UseTemporaryAddresses no

then reboot the computer.

Trackpad scrolling with old PowerBooks and iBooks

Arnaud Boudou — Mon, 14 Feb 2005 09:41:00 +0100

Version française

Today, I will initiate a new post category : HOW-TOs. I will begin with two fingers scroll on old PowerBook and iBook models, without any third party software (like SideTrack), but just with a modified trackpad driver.

Is your trackpad compatible ?

First, you have to know if your trackpad may be used for two fingers scroll. You'll have to execute the following command line:

ioreg -l | grep "W Enhanced Trackpad"

What must be downloaded ?

If the previous command line returns "W Enhanced Trackpad = 1", then your trackpad may be used for two fingers scroll, and you can keep reading. Otherwise, do as you wish, but it will be time wasting.

Your trackpad is compatible. Go there, download one of the available drivers (i.e. iScroll2_all.zip), and unpack it into you home folder.

How-to install it ?

~~First, you have to unload the running trackpad driver. Execute the following command line:~~

~~sudo kextunload -b com.apple.driver.AppleADBMouse~~

~~Now, do not touch your trackpad if you don't want to see a nice Kernel Panic. Then backup your old trackpad driver with the following command line:~~

~~sudo mv /System/Library/Extensions/AppleADBMouse.kext /System/Library/Extensions/AppleADBMouse.kext.old~~

~~And replace the old driver with the enhanced one:~~

~~sudo mv $HOME/AppleADBMouse.kext /System/Library/Extensions/AppleADBMouse.kext~~

~~Finally, change the driver access right, and load it~~

~~sudo chown -R root:wheel /System/Library/Extensions/AppleADBMouse.kext~~ ~~sudo kextload /System/Library/Extensions/AppleADBMouse.kext~~

~~You may now use two fingers scrolling with your trackpad.~~

The trackpad driver is now automatically installed and loaded.

Goddess-Gate.com - Le blog 2.0 - How-to (english)

FreeBSD on MacBook (Core Duo and Core 2 Duo models)

Table of contents

Needed

Hardware configuration

System installation

FreeBSD use, and detailed setup

Keyboard

Network setup

Firewire network connection

Ethernet network connection (FreeBSD device driver)

WIFI network connection (Core Duo models only)

System update and build

Power management

Ports management

CD / DVD burn, and how-to eject them

CD-R burn

DVD burn

Audio

X.org setup

Mouse setup

Keyboard setup

Screen display

Graphic card setup

Post-configuration: keyboard setup

Post-configuration: graphic card

Issues

Désinstaller FreeBSD

Issues coming from FreeBSD installation

First step : FreeBSD partition removal

Second step : MacOS X partition restore

Miscellaneous issues

More info

ICC profiles and applications

Know everything about your Apple computer display

Change spell chek dictionary into MacOS X applications

Firefox 2.0 and undo closed tabs

Thunderbird 2 and quotas

Sony Ericsson DCU-11, MacOS X 10.4 and PhoneAgent

Needed

Setup steps.

OpenTom: listen to mp3 with your TomTom PND

Needed

Installation

Cons

Pros

Whislist

OpenVPN IPv6 routing between a Windows 2000 workstation and an OpenBSD server

Network overview (server-side)

OpenVPN setup (OpenBSD-side)

OpenVPN setup (Windows-side)

IPv6 setup (Windows-side)

Misc

Disable temporary IPv6 addresses under Windows XP

Trackpad scrolling with old PowerBooks and iBooks

Is your trackpad compatible ?

What must be downloaded ?

How-to install it ?